Notes: Echinacea purpurea is similar to E. pallida except the flower stalk is longer (with small leaves) and is smooth. The basal leaves are wider (2 1/2”), and the margins are toothed. The ray flowers are shorter and stiffer. Flowering is from early July to mid-August, and fruiting begins in mid-July. E. purpurea is very infrequent in woodland edges and prairie openings in southeastern Iowa. It is commonly included in wildflower seed mixtures.